Green Chemistry
1. There are 12 principles of green chemistry. Name two of those principles and describe how it is applied and provide an example.
2. Green chemistry includes all of the following except:
a. Reusing substances
b. Limiting waste
c. Changing process optimizing products
d. Making reactions that turn green
3. Pure water has a pH of _____.
a. 0
b. 5.2
c. 7
d. 14
4. A universal solvent that is able to dissolve most substances due to it polarity is ____.
a. benzene
b. water
c. alcohol
d. ammonia
5. In the documentary “Trash”, what country dumps 4 million tons of trash annually into Michigan?
a. Saudi Arabia
b. Alaska
c. Canada
d. Russia
Soil Composition
6. Soil is composed of the following except:
a. Organic matter
b. Air
c. Water
d. Krytonite
7. In the soil testing lab, a positive free carbonate test is indicated by:
a. Clumping
b. Corrosion
c. Gas production
d. Spoilage
8. The optimum soil pH for living things is:
a. It depends on the organism
b. pH 7
c. pH 3
d. pH 12
GAS Laws
9. According to the ideal gas law, as temperature increases:
a. Volume increases
b. Pressure increase
c. Both a and b
d. Nothing changes
10. Harry is getting 125 ml of nitrous oxide when he gets his wisdom teeth removed. The oral surgeon gauges the pressure at 248 mmHg to reach that volume. At what volume must the oral surgeon change to if pressure is 546 mmHg? Assume STP. (Show the formula you are using, your work and calculations)
Monday, May 17, 2010
Wednesday, May 12, 2010
Gas Law Worksheet
Technical Chemistry: Gas Laws Name: _____________________________
Match each example below with the appropriate gas property it illustrates.
_____1. the fragrance of perfume spreads a. compressibility
through the room
_____2. smog forms over Atlanta during b. diffuses through other gases
summer days
_____3. a cylinder of oxygen used c. exerts pressure
in a hospital
_____4. the shrink wrap demonstration d. fills container
_____5. a balloon is inflated with helium e. has mass
_____6. a balloon filled with air weighs
more than an empty balloon
Match the variables used to describe gases to the correct unit.
_____7. kPa a. pressure
_____8. oC b. temperature
_____9. mL c. volume
____10. K
____11. mm Hg
____12. atmospheres (atm)
____13. L
____14. oF
Complete the following statements by writing “decreases,” “increases,” or “remains the same” on the line provided.
As a gas is compressed in a cylinder
15. its mass ______________________________.
16. the number of gas molecules ____________________________.
17. its pressure ___________________________
18. its volume __________________________.
19. the distance between gas molecules ________________________.
20. its density _________________________.
21. Boyle’s Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Explain that statement. (Include the correct formula and examples)
Problems
21. A 7.0 liter balloon at room temperature (22oC) contains hydrogen gas. If the balloon is carried outside to where the temperature is –3.0oC, what volume will the balloon occupy?
22. A 5.0 liter tank of oxygen gas is at a pressure of 3 atm. What volume of oxygen will be available if the oxygen is used at standard pressure?
23. A 500 liter volume of helium gas is at a pressure of 750 mm Hg and has a temperature of 300K. What is the volume of the same gas at STP?
24. Nitrogen (80 kPa), oxygen (21.0 kPa), carbon dioxide (0.03 kPa), and water vapor (2.0 kPa) are the usual atmospheric components. What is the total atmospheric pressure in kPa?
Compete the following statements about the nature of gases as presented in the kinetic molecular theory by filling in the appropriate word (s) from the list below.
kinetic energy no force perfectly elastic weak
potential energy pressure random motion zero
25. Gas particles exert ________________________________ on one another.
26. Gas molecules are said to be in ________________________.
27. The volume of gas particles themselves is said to be ______________________.
28. The collisions between gas particles are __________________________.
29. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average _______________ of the gas particles.
Match each example below with the appropriate gas property it illustrates.
_____1. the fragrance of perfume spreads a. compressibility
through the room
_____2. smog forms over Atlanta during b. diffuses through other gases
summer days
_____3. a cylinder of oxygen used c. exerts pressure
in a hospital
_____4. the shrink wrap demonstration d. fills container
_____5. a balloon is inflated with helium e. has mass
_____6. a balloon filled with air weighs
more than an empty balloon
Match the variables used to describe gases to the correct unit.
_____7. kPa a. pressure
_____8. oC b. temperature
_____9. mL c. volume
____10. K
____11. mm Hg
____12. atmospheres (atm)
____13. L
____14. oF
Complete the following statements by writing “decreases,” “increases,” or “remains the same” on the line provided.
As a gas is compressed in a cylinder
15. its mass ______________________________.
16. the number of gas molecules ____________________________.
17. its pressure ___________________________
18. its volume __________________________.
19. the distance between gas molecules ________________________.
20. its density _________________________.
21. Boyle’s Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. Explain that statement. (Include the correct formula and examples)
Problems
21. A 7.0 liter balloon at room temperature (22oC) contains hydrogen gas. If the balloon is carried outside to where the temperature is –3.0oC, what volume will the balloon occupy?
22. A 5.0 liter tank of oxygen gas is at a pressure of 3 atm. What volume of oxygen will be available if the oxygen is used at standard pressure?
23. A 500 liter volume of helium gas is at a pressure of 750 mm Hg and has a temperature of 300K. What is the volume of the same gas at STP?
24. Nitrogen (80 kPa), oxygen (21.0 kPa), carbon dioxide (0.03 kPa), and water vapor (2.0 kPa) are the usual atmospheric components. What is the total atmospheric pressure in kPa?
Compete the following statements about the nature of gases as presented in the kinetic molecular theory by filling in the appropriate word (s) from the list below.
kinetic energy no force perfectly elastic weak
potential energy pressure random motion zero
25. Gas particles exert ________________________________ on one another.
26. Gas molecules are said to be in ________________________.
27. The volume of gas particles themselves is said to be ______________________.
28. The collisions between gas particles are __________________________.
29. The temperature of a gas is a measure of the average _______________ of the gas particles.
Tuesday, May 11, 2010
Lab 2: Soil Analysis
ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL COMPOSITION
Sediment Test
The soil is composed of many different sized particles. With this simple experiment you can separate the main components of the soil and evaluate their proportions.
1 - Go into a field an collect a sample of soil. Put it in a jar of water. Stir it well and let it settle. Observe and describe the different layers of materials.
2 - In water, particles settle more quickly the bigger they are. It is possible to use this property to determine the amount of each component of the soil. Put 3 parts water and 1 part of soil in the container (try 1 cup soil and three cups of water in a quart jar); shake the container for 5 minutes and let the material set. With reference to the figure 1, after 40 seconds measure the thickness of sediment. Call this A; after 30 minutes measure again and call this B; after 24 hours measure C. Now, by subtraction, you can determine the thickness of the main layers: C-B = layer of clay, B-A = layer of silt, A = layer of gravel and sand. Using a sieve with 2 mm holes (less than 1/8 inches), you can separate the gravel from the sand and determine their ratio. On the basis of these data, calculate the content (%) of each component of the soil sample.
3 - Repeat the same experiment with soil collected in other places or that have a different geological origin (i.e: meadow, wood, river bank) or anyplace the soil has a different consistency or texture (i.e: muddy, sandy). Describe the composition of each soil and try to explain the differences. You can also apply this technique to evaluate the composition of the soil for a potted plant, and correct it. Example: if water doesn't drain well, would more sand help? If it needs to hold water longer would clay or organic matter be helpful?
4 - With a microscope, measure the size of the particles. With a clock, measure the time to drop to the bottom of a jar of water. time of the particles in water as a verses their size. Then graph with the Y-axis for the size of the particle and X-axis the time to fall.
http://interactive.usask.ca/skinteractive/modules/agriculture/activities/soil.html
pH Test
1. Mix the soil sample with a little bit of water. Use the pH paper to test the pH of the sample.
2. Repeat with all the samples.
3. Record the pH of each sample.
Free Carbonate Test
This test is performed by squirting vinegar on the soil. If free carbonates are present, they will "effervesce" or bubble when the vinegar reacts with them. Record one of the following based on your observation:
None: you observe no reaction (the soil has no free carbonates).
Slight: you observe a slight amount of bubbling (the soil is coated with some carbonates).
Strong: you observe a strong reaction (many bubbles) (the soil has many carbonate coatings present).
QUESTIONS:
1. WHICH SOIL SAMPLE WAS POSITIVE FOR THE CARBONATE TEST? WHAT CAUSES THIS REACTION?
2. WHICH SAMPLES ARE ACIDIC OR BASIC? WHERE WOULD THESE SAMPLES BE FOUND?
3. BASED ON YOUR DATA ON THE SEDIMENTATION TEST, WHAT PARTICLES/SUBSTANCES ARE FOUND THE MOST IN THE SOIL SAMPLES?
Sediment Test
The soil is composed of many different sized particles. With this simple experiment you can separate the main components of the soil and evaluate their proportions.
1 - Go into a field an collect a sample of soil. Put it in a jar of water. Stir it well and let it settle. Observe and describe the different layers of materials.
2 - In water, particles settle more quickly the bigger they are. It is possible to use this property to determine the amount of each component of the soil. Put 3 parts water and 1 part of soil in the container (try 1 cup soil and three cups of water in a quart jar); shake the container for 5 minutes and let the material set. With reference to the figure 1, after 40 seconds measure the thickness of sediment. Call this A; after 30 minutes measure again and call this B; after 24 hours measure C. Now, by subtraction, you can determine the thickness of the main layers: C-B = layer of clay, B-A = layer of silt, A = layer of gravel and sand. Using a sieve with 2 mm holes (less than 1/8 inches), you can separate the gravel from the sand and determine their ratio. On the basis of these data, calculate the content (%) of each component of the soil sample.
3 - Repeat the same experiment with soil collected in other places or that have a different geological origin (i.e: meadow, wood, river bank) or anyplace the soil has a different consistency or texture (i.e: muddy, sandy). Describe the composition of each soil and try to explain the differences. You can also apply this technique to evaluate the composition of the soil for a potted plant, and correct it. Example: if water doesn't drain well, would more sand help? If it needs to hold water longer would clay or organic matter be helpful?
4 - With a microscope, measure the size of the particles. With a clock, measure the time to drop to the bottom of a jar of water. time of the particles in water as a verses their size. Then graph with the Y-axis for the size of the particle and X-axis the time to fall.
http://interactive.usask.ca/skinteractive/modules/agriculture/activities/soil.html
pH Test
1. Mix the soil sample with a little bit of water. Use the pH paper to test the pH of the sample.
2. Repeat with all the samples.
3. Record the pH of each sample.
Free Carbonate Test
This test is performed by squirting vinegar on the soil. If free carbonates are present, they will "effervesce" or bubble when the vinegar reacts with them. Record one of the following based on your observation:
None: you observe no reaction (the soil has no free carbonates).
Slight: you observe a slight amount of bubbling (the soil is coated with some carbonates).
Strong: you observe a strong reaction (many bubbles) (the soil has many carbonate coatings present).
QUESTIONS:
1. WHICH SOIL SAMPLE WAS POSITIVE FOR THE CARBONATE TEST? WHAT CAUSES THIS REACTION?
2. WHICH SAMPLES ARE ACIDIC OR BASIC? WHERE WOULD THESE SAMPLES BE FOUND?
3. BASED ON YOUR DATA ON THE SEDIMENTATION TEST, WHAT PARTICLES/SUBSTANCES ARE FOUND THE MOST IN THE SOIL SAMPLES?
Soil Activities and Notes
http://soil.gsfc.nasa.gov/laminate/laminate.htm
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/mainpage.htm
http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper1/exper1.htm#composting
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth530/content/l2_p5.html
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/mainpage.htm
http://www.funsci.com/fun3_en/exper1/exper1.htm#composting
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth530/content/l2_p5.html
Friday, May 7, 2010
TRASHED : The Movie
Synopsis
“Trashed” is a provocative investigation of one of the fastest growing industries in North America. The garbage business. The film examines a fundamental element of modern American culture…the disposal of what our society defines as “waste.” It is an issue influenced by every American, most of whom never consider the consequences. Nor, it seems, the implications to our biosphere. At times humorous, but deeply poignant, “Trashed” examines the American waste stream fast approaching a half billion tons annually.
What are the effects all this waste will have on already strained natural resources? Why is so much of it produced? While every American creates almost 5 pounds of it every day, who is affected most? And who wants America to make more?
The film analyzes the causes and effects of the seemingly innocuous act of “taking out the garbage” while showcasing the individuals, activists,corporate and advocacy groups working to affect change and reform the current model. “Trashed” is an informative and thought-provoking film everyone interested in the future of sustainability should see.
http://www.trashedmovie.com/
“Trashed” is a provocative investigation of one of the fastest growing industries in North America. The garbage business. The film examines a fundamental element of modern American culture…the disposal of what our society defines as “waste.” It is an issue influenced by every American, most of whom never consider the consequences. Nor, it seems, the implications to our biosphere. At times humorous, but deeply poignant, “Trashed” examines the American waste stream fast approaching a half billion tons annually.
What are the effects all this waste will have on already strained natural resources? Why is so much of it produced? While every American creates almost 5 pounds of it every day, who is affected most? And who wants America to make more?
The film analyzes the causes and effects of the seemingly innocuous act of “taking out the garbage” while showcasing the individuals, activists,corporate and advocacy groups working to affect change and reform the current model. “Trashed” is an informative and thought-provoking film everyone interested in the future of sustainability should see.
http://www.trashedmovie.com/
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